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Research Article
Influence of the European Union Aid in the Realization of the African Union Missions
Arakaza Dionise*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
109-119
Received:
2 March 2025
Accepted:
12 March 2025
Published:
26 March 2025
Abstract: The European Union’s (EU) foreign aid has been significant to the African Union (AU) in undertaking its missions, especially regarding long-term growth, economic unity, and security and peace. Therefore, this article looks into the main ways that the EU helps the AU, rates how well they work, and rates how help from outside the AU adds to the work of member states. The study further shows the good and bad aspects of the partnership, using graphs to help people understand. The European Union has also been an essential growing partner for the African Union for a long time. Furthermore, by providing policy, technical, and financial help, the EU has helped Africa stay safe and grow. It also explores the EU’s involvement in African affairs, intending to maintain peace and strengthen the economy of the AU member states. Also, there is still a lot of disagreement about how long-term foreign aid might affect Africa’s ability to support itself. The EU, on the other hand, has done a lot to help Africa grow. Thus, this analysis is crucial to determining whether EU’s help will work long-term and fit Africa’s long-term goals by drawing which policies should be changed to make things work better and last longer and how much EU aid helps the AU meet its goals.
Abstract: The European Union’s (EU) foreign aid has been significant to the African Union (AU) in undertaking its missions, especially regarding long-term growth, economic unity, and security and peace. Therefore, this article looks into the main ways that the EU helps the AU, rates how well they work, and rates how help from outside the AU adds to the work ...
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Research Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Ether-Dimer Impurity of Drug - Ranolazine Using 2, 2’- (oxybis (methylene)) Bis (Oxirane)
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
120-126
Received:
9 March 2025
Accepted:
25 March 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
Abstract: Ranolazine became the first approved member of a new family of antianginal medications in nearly 25 years when it was licensed in 2006 for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris. The exact mechanism of action of Ranolazine is unclear. Ranolazine was originally believed to work by partially inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids. Ranolazine may lessen calcium excess in ischemic myocytes by inhibiting the late sodium current, according to more recent data. Headache, nausea, constipation, and dizziness are the most commonly reported side effects. Ranolazine is listed among the top 200 drugs by sales in the decade of the 2010s. In this study, several impurities related to Ranolazine, a piperazine derivative used as a second-line treatment for patients with stable or poorly managed chronic angina who are not responding to other medications, the synthesis of impurities produced during the bulk drug's in-house production of Ranolazine was explained. The unknown impurities were identified as2,2'-(4,4'-(oxybis(2-hydroxypropane-3,1-diyl))bis(piperazine-4,1- diyl))bis(N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide). The study uses a variety of spectral techniques, such as Infrared Spectroscopy (IR): A technique for determining molecular vibrations and functional groups. Atomic connectivity and structure can be thoroughly understood through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The molecular weight and fragmentation patterns of compounds are ascertained through mass spectrometry (mass). Utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), various compounds in a mixture can be separated and examined.
Abstract: Ranolazine became the first approved member of a new family of antianginal medications in nearly 25 years when it was licensed in 2006 for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris. The exact mechanism of action of Ranolazine is unclear. Ranolazine was originally believed to work by partially inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids. Ranolazine may l...
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Research Article
Influence of Inter and Intra Row Spacing for Growth and Yield of Maize
Yaya Tesfa*,
Bahiru Tilahun
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
127-134
Received:
13 January 2025
Accepted:
27 April 2025
Published:
3 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajasr.20251102.13
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Abstract: Effect of inter row and intra row spacing on growth, growth parameters, yield and yield related parameters of maize was studied at Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia during the rainy season in 2019 and 2020. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of inter row and intra row spacing on growth and yields of maize variety Melkassa-II. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with a split-plot treatment structure of 4 inter spacing levels as the main plot and 3 intra row spacing levels as sub plot factors. There was significant (P<0.05) main effect of inter row spacing, and interaction of inter row and intra row spacing on leaf leaf area index, cob weight, grain yield, 1000 seed weight and harvest index. There was also significance difference due to the main effects of inter row spacing on leaf leaf area index, cob weight, plant height, kernels per row, above ground biomass, grain yield, 1000 seed weight and harvest index. Higher grain yield and above ground dry biomass yield were due to intermediate and closer spacing. By considering other crop management factors it can be concluded that spacing combination of 65 cm * 20 cm can be recommended in attaining higher grain yield of Melkassa-II maize variety in similar environment.
Abstract: Effect of inter row and intra row spacing on growth, growth parameters, yield and yield related parameters of maize was studied at Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia during the rainy season in 2019 and 2020. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of inter row and intra row spacing on growth and yields of maize variety Melkas...
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